Previous anecdotal evidence has suggested that virus particles—specifically norovirus, the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States—might go airborne in the process of puking. But according to food virologist Lee-Ann Jaykus of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, "nobody had ever proven in a lab model that the virus can be aerosolized by vomiting."
To rectify that, Jaykus and her team built a miniature "vomiting machine," a quarter-scale model of the human digestive system complete with an artificial stomach, esophagus, and mouth. They designed it to mimic all the pressures and volumes present in hurling humans and then inoculated its "stomach" juices with a virus called MS2 (which is similar to the size, shape, and composition of norovirus but not dangerous to humans).